Recherche
4 items
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Parklands for buffering climate risk and sustaining agricultural production in the Sahel of West Africa
In the Sahelian zone of West Africa, crops grown under a discontinuous cover of scattered trees dominate many landscapes and constitute the so-called parklands. These systems reflect the ecological knowledge of the farmers of such risk prone environments. Agroforestry parklands are playing an important role, through trees and shrubs providing soil cover that reduces erosion and buffers the impacts of climate change. They also provide green fodder that complements crop residues for livestock feeds, and fruits and leaves for human consumption and for income generation. The interactions between various components of the system influence the ecosystem service functions of trees of parklands (provisioning, regulating and supporting services) in several ways. These ecosystem functions have beenat the center of the local ecological knowledge guiding the management options of the farmers and have also attracted the attention of scientists. Findings revealed new challenges that call for production options ensuring increased and diversified productivity of the systems while preserving the environment. Research on such challenges must adopt an inclusive approach based on local knowledge supported by science-based analyses of the socio-ecological systems in the face of high population pressure and climate change.
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Faidherbia albida (Delile) Tree Dieback Effects on Crop Production in the Parkland Agroforests of Southwestern Niger
Faidherbia albida is an agroforestry tree species playing important agroecological and socioeconomic roles in arid and semiarid zones in Africa. For many years, anthropogenic and abiotic stresses were considered as the main threats for the species in West African parkland agroforests. Considerable dieback has recently occurred in F. albida trees of parkland agroforests in central southwestern Niger, and the causes are unknown. The e objectives of this study are to (i) investigate the magnitude of dieback of F. albida trees and (ii) assess local community perceptions of the effects of F. albida dieback on crop production. The health status and phenology of 213 F. albida trees were observed in the area where the dieback is occurring. Similarly, a sample of 144 people, 86% of which were farmers, was surveyed. Dieback incidence of F. albida trees was 19%, with mortality of 6%. Large-diameter trees had greater dieback than small-diameter trees. The most affected parts of the tree were the branches at 54% and the trunks at 39%. The populations noted a 33–55% reduction in the yields of major crops. This dieback of F. albida trees poses a serious threat to the survival of rural communities. Further studies can be conducted to identify the cause or cause of the dieback to guide the suitable agroforestry parkland management strategies. -
Restoring Plant Succession on Degraded Crusted Soils in Niger: a Case Study Using Half Moons, Tree Seedlings and Grass Seed
We assessed a restoration treatment (planting tree seedlings and sowing grass seeds as nurse plants in waterharvesting half-moon pits) on degraded, compacted soils with surface crusts in Niger. Height and above-ground biomass of herbaceous plant species, tree stem circumference, and relative cover of erosive crust, gravel crust, bare ground, rock, litter, and total vascular plants were assessed at three sites with similar environmental conditions but different treatment periods (3, 5, 7 years). Species richness, evenness and Shannon-Weaver index were lowest at the 7-year site and highest at the 5-year site. Above-ground biomass of herbaceous plants and percent plant cover were lowest at the 3-year site and highest at the 7-year site. -
Impacts des banquettes et demi-lunes forestières sur les caractéristiques physico-chimiques du sol et la diversité végétale spontanée dans l’Ouest nigérien
Les techniques de banquettes et demi-lunes forestières associées aux plantations d’espèces ligneuses sont couramment utilisées au Niger pour restaurer les terres dégradées. Pour évaluer les impacts de ces ouvrages antiérosifs sur les caractéristiques physico-chimiques du sol et la diversité végétale, une étude expérimentale a été conduite dans la commune rurale de Simiri sur un site de plateau aménagé avec des banquettes forestières et un site de glacis avec des demi-lunes forestières. Une zone témoin non aménagée a été considérée pour chaque site en restauration. L’humidité du sol au niveau des ouvrages a été régulièrement enregistrée durant 30 mois. Des échantillons de sols sous houppier des plants plantés ont été prélevés puis analysés au laboratoire. Un inventaire floristique des espèces spontanées a été réalisé sur les sites en restauration et les zones témoins. Enfin, la biomasse herbacée a été évaluée. Il ressort de cette expérimentation que les banquettes et demi-lunes forestières améliorent significativement l’humidité et la texture du sol ainsi que le carbone organique sous houppier des plants plantés. Ces conditions ont permis le développement d’une diversité végétale spontanée. Ces résultats mettent en évidence l’efficacité des banquettes et demi-lunes forestières dans la restauration des terres dégradées de plateaux et de glacis.