Rice is the third most important crop in Niger and showsthe most rapidly increasing consumption. Rice importsgrew from 40,000 t in 1995 to 210,000 t in 2005 at a costof US$ 71.4 million in a country where nearly 60% of thepopulation lives below the poverty line [1,2]. Rice is produced mainly in the region of Tillabéry (75% national production) where about 1/7 of Niger’ s population live [3,4].With 100,000 ha of arable and irrigable lands, this regionof Tillabéry has nearly 50% of the country’ s irrigable land.There are 29 irrigated rice schemes (with double cropping each year) that cover 7,432 ha (85.3% of the nationalirrigated schemes) in Tillabéry. The average rice grain yield in this agrosystem is 3.5 to 4.5 t ha−1[5,6]. This intensive system, under the control of local farmer unions andsupervised by the Office National des Aménagements Hydro-Agricoles (ONAHA), currently produces 30,000 to
35,000 t year−1. Private irrigated systems with individual
water pumps are also found in this area. The irrigated ecosystems are planted only with improved Asia-type (Oryzasativa) cultivars. The traditional rice growing in the Tillabéry region accounts for about 62.13% of lowland rice production.
Il existe de nombreuses maladies virales chez les Cucurbitacées (courges, courgettes, concombre, etc.). Les deux viroses potentielles pouvant attaquer les courges au Niger (et d’autres cucurbitacées dont la courgette) sont dues aux virus dits virus « mosaïques » : - le virus de la mosaïque du concombre (CMV ou Cucumber mosaic virus en anglais) et - le virus de la mosaïque jaune de la courgette (ZYMV ou Zucchini yellow mosaic virus en anglais). Ces viroses sont caractérisées par la présence d’une mosaïque ou alternance de couleur jaune et verte sur les feuilles (photos 1 et 2), mais aussi les fruits (photos 3), constituée de tâches vert clair, vert foncé, jaunes.